Yini i-NB-IoT Technology?

I-NarrowBand-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) iyizinga elisha lobuchwepheshe obungenawaya obukhula ngokushesha be-3GPP elethulwe ku-Release 13 elibhekana nezimfuneko ze-LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) ze-IoT. Ifakwe kusigaba sobuchwepheshe be-5G, yafanekiswa yi-3GPP ngo-2016. Iwubuchwepheshe obusekelwe kumazinga obusezingeni eliphansi lamandla aphansi (LPWA) obuthuthukisiwe ukuze bunike amandla izinhlobonhlobo zamadivayisi namasevisi e-IoT amasha. I-NB-IoT ithuthukisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamadivayisi abasebenzisi, umthamo wesistimu nokusebenza kahle kwe-spectrum, ikakhulukazi ekufakweni okujulile. Impilo yebhethri engaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 ingasekelwa ezimweni eziningi zokusetshenziswa.

Amasiginali amasha ongqimba obonakalayo namashaneli aklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nemfuneko enzima yokukhava okunwetshiwe - ezindaweni zasemaphandleni nangaphakathi ngaphakathi - kanye nobunkimbinkimbi bedivayisi obuphansi kakhulu. Izindleko zokuqala zamamojula we-NB-IoT kulindeleke ukuthi ziqhathaniswe ne-GSM/GPRS. Ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo nokho bulula kakhulu kune-GSM/GPRS yanamuhla futhi izindleko zabo kulindeleke ukuthi zehle ngokushesha njengoba isidingo sikhula.

Isekelwa yizo zonke izisetshenziswa ezinkulu zeselula, abakhiqizi be-chipset kanye namamojula, i-NB-IoT ingaba khona ngokubambisana ne-2G, 3G, kanye namanethiwekhi eselula e-4G. Iphinde izuze kuzo zonke izici zokuphepha nezobumfihlo zamanethiwekhi eselula, njengosekelo lokugcinwa kuyimfihlo kobunikazi bomsebenzisi, ukuqinisekiswa kwebhizinisi, ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo, ubuqotho bedatha, kanye nokuhlonza okokusebenza kweselula. Ukwethulwa kwezentengiselwano kokuqala kwe-NB-IoT sekuqediwe futhi kulindeleke ukukhishwa komhlaba wonke ngo-2017/18.

Yiluphi uhlobo lwe-NB-IoT?

I-NB-IoT inika amandla ukuthunyelwa kwamadivayisi ayinkimbinkimbi ephansi ngezinombolo ezinkulu (cishe ukuxhumeka okungu-50 000 ngeseli ngayinye). Uhla lweseli lungasuka ku-40km luye ku-100km. Lokhu kuvumela izimboni ezifana nezinsiza, ukuphathwa kwempahla, ezokuthutha kanye nokuphathwa kwemikhumbi ukuxhuma izinzwa, ama-tracker kanye nemishini yokukala ngamamitha ngenani eliphansi kuyilapho ihlanganisa indawo ebanzi.

I-NB-IoT inikeza ukufakwa okujulile (164dB) kunobuchwepheshe obuningi be-LPWAN kanye no-20dB ngaphezu kwe-GSM/GPRS evamile.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezixazululwa yi-NB-IoT?

Lobu buchwepheshe buklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sokumbozwa okunwetshiwe ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi. Amadivayisi anganikwa amandla isikhathi eside kakhulu ebhethrini elilodwa. I-NB-IoT ingasatshalaliswa kusetshenziswa ingqalasizinda yeselula ekhona nethembekile.

I-NB-IoT futhi inezici zokuphepha ezikhona kumanethiwekhi weselula e-LTE, njengokuvikela isignali, ukufakazela ubuqiniso okuvikelekile nokubethelwa kwedatha. Isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-APN ephethwe, yenza ukuphathwa kokuxhumana kwedivayisi kube lula futhi kuvikeleke.